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Although in the beginning were mainly influenced by the psychedelic rock and space rock, the kind to which they belong is mostly progressive rock. Characterized by philosophical texts, sound experiments, innovative graphics and spectacular concerts. In 2008 it was estimated to have sold about 250 million records worldwide, including 74.5 million in the United States of America. Pink Floyd influenced considerably later music, from progressive bands of the seventies, such as Genesis and Yes, up to contemporary artists such as Nine Inch Nails, Dream Theater and Porcupine Tree.
The group, born in London in 1965, was formed by singer and guitarist Roger Keith "Syd" Barrett, bassist George Roger Waters, drummer Nicholas Berkeley "Nick" Mason and keyboardist Richard William "Rick" Wright. In 1968, the group added guitarist Jon David "Dave" Gilmour, replacing Syd Barrett, who was forced from psychiatric problems exacerbated by heavy drug to leave the group.
The band, having to work out because of mold psychedelic, reaches maturity with Atom Heart Mother and Meddle and states in the world with The Dark Side of the Moon and the subsequent albums, including Wish You Were Here, Animals and The Wall, who deliver the four to the history of rock. The training does not undergo substantial changes until 1985, excluding a period in which Richard Wright is mentioned only as a session musician. In 1985 Roger Waters left the band, the remaining members then publish two more studio albums: A Momentary Lapse Of Reason and The Division Bell. The formation ceases its activities in 1995 and disbanded in 2006 when David Gilmour officially denies the possibility of a meeting. With the death of Richard Wright, in 2008, is in fact off the hopes of fans of the band with reviewing all four components.
The long history of English education beginning in the mid-sixties, when three students of architecture and painting a whimsical student laying the groundwork to enter fully into the rock legend, starting from the underground clubs of London and LSD to get, not without radical changes in lifestyle and education, to global success.
The band was born from the student's painting of Roger Keith Barrett (Syd for all, born on 6/1/46 in Cambridge) with Roger Waters (Great Bookham - 09/09/44), an architecture student and guitarist of a training the name changing (Sigma 6, T-Set, Meggadeaths, Abdabs) in which they played two other aspiring architects: Nick Mason (Birmingham - 21/01/45) and Rick Wright (London - 7/28/45) in addition to bassist Clive Metcalf and Keith Noble and Juliette Gale singers. In '65, after the group disbanded, Waters (bass), Barrett (guitar), Wright (keyboards) and Mason (drums) decided to form a band (for a very short time it will also guitarist Bob Close): The name, chosen by Barrett, Pink Floyd and is derived from the first names of two American bluesmen, Pink Anderson and Floyd Council.
In '66 it comes time of the first performances in London's underground clubs, with a repertoire that begins to assume its own identity thanks to Barrett's first instrumental compositions. E 'at this time that Pink Floyd knows what will become their manager: Peter Jenner and Andrew King.
In the "Swingin 'London", Pink Floyd can be noticed as one of the band's most original and unpredictable, especially because of the performances at the UFO Club, a club where the group experienced its first exciting light-show, trying to engaging the public with projected images, slides and massive use of an effective lighting system.
In between '66 and '67, Pink Floyd come into the recording studio for the first demo, with very encouraging results: we have to wait another few months, in fact, for the first single of the complex, "Arnold Layne / Candy And A Currant Bun "(produced by Joe Boyd).
Success came immediately and was quickly followed by a second-hit single, "See Emily Play / The Scarecrow", the band for three consecutive times for "Top of the Pops" and is finally ready for their first album, published in the summer of '67: The Piper at the Gates of Down. The album, produced by Norman Smith, makes an immediate impression thanks to the distinctive sound and totally innovative and unique texts, divided between the dreamlike and spatial ("Astronomy Domine", "Interstellar Overdrive") and short rhymes for which Barrett draws on the world of fairy tales ("The Gnome", "The Scarecrow", "Lucifer Sam").
"Astronomy Domine" is the account of a journey undertaken by Barrett stellar through the use of LSD: The bottom button is the radio connection with the land, while the ever-present guitar, singing along with a majestic and solemn, seem to wander in a dark cosmic panorama, with the frenzied drumming of Mason, to emphasize the parts of the disk drammatiche.Il masterpiece, and perhaps the peak of production of Barrett, however: "Interstellar Overdrive". And 'the chronicle of a human journey in the universe. Introduced by a riff from horror movies, develops in his eleven minutes by following a simple rule: at least one instrument must maintain the pace. Above this rate, it develops a jam session acidissima, made of spaceships whizzing of asteroids collide, and disposals of aliens, space walls, star of storms, the cosmic stillness of unattainable paradise. But Barrett is also a master at telling nursery rhymes like "Lucifer Sam", a sort of proto-hard rock, with an insistent riff, accompanied by keyboards that seem to invoke an Oriental atmosphere, "The Scarecrow", based on two castanets and a hallucinated hand, and the gag comic style "freak" of "Bike". Long journeys "acids" and easy-going atmosphere, combined with a sound articulated, born from the union of different influences but always totally unique and special, allowing the disc to be still one of the most universally beloved works of the quartet. Following this success, now thrown into a career, the four depart for the United States on tour, but you will know exactly where the first problems.
Barrett, in fact, began to show symptoms of schizophrenia (most likely due to the assumption of systematic LSD), absenting from the lives of more and more complex: the live shows become unsustainable, as the pressure that the world of music exercises of what is regarded, rightly, the creative mind of the group.
The band then opted for a compromise solution, with the recruitment of guitarist David Gilmour (former childhood friend of Barrett and Waters, born in Cambridge on 03.06.1946), which, according to the plans of management, must overcome the shortcomings of Barrett (who still remains in the guise of copyright) in concert. The single "Apples & Oranges" and "It Would Be So Nice" does not replicate previous successes and the bizarre and unpredictable behavior of Barrett began to undermine the activities of gruppo.Le precarious mental state leaders to bring an impenetrable self-isolation and a shift away from the stage musical, not before the difficult production of The Madcap Laughs (January 1970) and Barrett (November 1970), two excellent solo albums made with the help of Gilmour and Wright.
The new manager Steve O'Rourke became Pink Floyd. And the four survivors do not lose heart and fall into the studio to record their second album A Saucerful of Secrets.
Son of the period of instability, the work is not short of good insights, especially with the title song, as Waters will have the opportunity to say a few years later, it seems the musical version of the artistic career of Pink Floyd, with a beginning, governed by ' and a wonderful instinct for the final order and clarity. I'm almost twelve minutes of daring avant-garde psychedelic, alternating terror and mysticism. It 's just the bass player to sign the other tracks of the disk as the initial driving tribal raga-psychedelic "Let There Be More Light", the mysterious and fascinating "Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun", a masterpiece of cosmic music , and "Corporal Clegg", which maintains a stronger bond with the style of the album's debut. There is also space for two compositions signed by Rick Wright ("Remember a Day" and "See Saw"), for the duration of the album is greatly inspired, contributing greatly to the dreamy sound that pervades it. The disc is completed with a composition of Barrett, "'Jugband Blues", a small sketch delusional, in which the guitarist proves perfectly aware of his state of mental isolation, declaiming verses, read in retrospect, seem to want to respond in advance' albums that will devote some four years later.
Overall, however, A Saucerful of Secrets is marked above all by David Gilmour's guitar, which brings the music of the group towards more anchored to the rock-blues tradition.
The 69 is a hectic year, from the artistic point of view, for Pink Floyd: The complex is in fact engages in the development of two suites to be proposed in the live shows as "The Man" and "The Journey", and the first real attempt approach to the art of film writing the soundtrack for the film by Barbet Schroeder, More, in addition to those "Zabriskie Point" by Michelangelo Antonioni and "Music From The Body" by Roy Battersby, the latter name only Waters.
More in particular, is perhaps one of the most underrated records of production floydiana, extraordinarily cohesive and delicate, with songs that are the backdrop to the atmosphere of the film together by a disarmingly melodic simplicity. To remember, among all the compositions, the short acoustic "Cirrus Minor", "Green Is the Colour" and "Cymbaline", as well as mini-suites "Main Theme", which seems to remember the central part of the previous "A Saucerful of Secrets" .
At the end of 1969, the four also publish the monumental Ummagumma, to be counted among their masterpieces. The album consists of two parts: recorded live, where the group goes over the first successes, and in the studio, formed by the contribution that the four musicians were provided by "solo" with experimental compositions focused on their instruments. E 'Wright to open the disc with "Sysyphus", an instrumental suite that mixes classical and avant-garde. Waters pitches in two songs: the acoustic "Grantchester Meadows" (folk guitars and electronic effects of birds) and "Several Species of Small Furry Animals Gathered Together in a Cave and Grooving with a Pict", which simulates the composition of purely noise animal noises in the woods, while Gilmour gives us a taste of technical skill on the guitar with his more thoughtful "The Narrow Way". The disc is completed by Mason with an ambitious instrumental piece ("The Grand Vizier's Garden Party"), led, of course, by the percussion. In the live album, shine the expanded versions of some of their flagship products (from "Astronomy Domine" to "Set The Controls For The Heart Of The Sun") and a delirious version of the "Careful With That Axe Eugene" and organized the 'unforgettable final scene of "Zabriskie Point". The following year saw the Pink Floyd experiment with a new long instrumental piece which will be given the curious name of work on "The Amazing Pudding". In the intent of the group's new long piece will amaze the audience with orchestral effects unprecedented in their production. For the orchestral parts is called the Scottish composer Ron Geesin, who is entrusted with the task of enriching the version "naked" in the suite (rhythmic base lines and base of keyboards and guitar), built by four and already presented to the public at some concerts.
The result is striking: the suite, which winds through extraordinary "dialogues" between symphonic music (impressive is the use of brass and choir) and rock, named diatom Heart Mother (from the news story of a pregnant lady holding alive by an atomic pacemaker) and became the title track from the new album, which will occupy the entire front facade.
The most striking movements of the suite is "Breast Milky", characterized by the famous dialogue between the arpeggiated organ and cello, on which you insert then Gilmour's guitar, and "Funky Dung," with bass and organ working in counterpoint and Gilmour struggling with just one of the best guitar in his career, before the advent of the choir and organ Wright. The closure of the suite is entrusted to "Mind Your Throats Please" (characteristic variation floydiana noisy-psychedelic-style) and "Remergence", where themes emerge dell'overtoure first and then the duet cello and organ. The finish is impressive, incisive and always with a guitar with the orchestra and choir that beat the crescendo.
The second side opens with the gentle "If" by Waters (a simple guitar arpeggio, soft voice whispering words steeped in melancholy poetry, dreamy guitar in a short musical interludes) and continues with "Summer '68", a remarkable piece Wright (again we note the use of horns), the dream-like "Fat Old Sun" by Gilmour (vocals warm and inviting, but always made relentless guitar) and ends with the experiment of "Alan's Psychedelic Breakfast", consists of three different instrumental moments (the first centered on the organ, the second on the guitars, the third most diverse and close to the style of early Genesis) with the recording of a full English breakfast in the background. Born with the ambition to represent the day of an ordinary man, and inspired by a roadie is immortalized in the back cover of "Ummagumma"), a suite of Alan is in effect a very successful experiment.
First cd by Pink Floyd and given their record "progressive," Atom Heart Mother is also remembered for the "historic" cover, depicting a cow pasture.
The success of a music so complex results soon in real difficulties of staging, which requires complex processing of new material to play in all corners of the world. The result is Meddle (1971), an album where Pink Floyd more than deny the love of the long suite (in this case the second side is occupied by the beautiful "Echoes"), giving a cut to the symphony and digressions are oriented towards sounds more rock concerts riproponibili easily. Memorable is the initial "One of These Days", an instrumental focus on low-Waters, experimentally amplified with a Binson echo, and even enhanced by the long solo "slide" Gilmour's guitar. We should also mention "Fearless", quieter song, featuring a choir of Liverpool fans in the final.
In May 1971, also published Relics, the collection contains several individual never appeared on LP, Barrett-dating, but also some gems of the "first" Waters published only on 45 rpm, as the beautiful acoustic ballad "Julia Dream".
Subsequently, the four decide to register with the direction of Adrian Maben, a concert without an audience among the ruins of Pompeii, the result is great, the band plays effectively old and new successes in setting an extraordinarily impressive. The film Live at Pompeii (1972) by Adrian Maben is an effective and impressive witness to the extraordinary range of emotional and visual music of Pink Floyd this time.
In '72 you Pink Floyd presents a chance to meet again with the experience of settler sound: Barbet Schroeder has once again commissioned the music for his new film, "La Vallee". This time the operation was a failure mainly because of the film, considered by critics as a work sloppy and inconclusive.
The resulting album, Obscured By Clouds, taken apart by critics, it should be remembered mainly for the atmosphere markedly rock, for the maturity of Waters' lyrics and catchy pieces like "Free Four" and "Childhood End".
At the same time, the complex is working to develop a suite of conceptual human alienation, whose working title is "Eclipsed - A Piece For Assorted Lunatics". The suite is "tried and tested" live for a long time, before being drafted into the studio with the inclusion of special effects, with the help of sound engineer Alan Parsons. The result is one of the great epic of the band, The Dark Side Of The Moon.
Superb essay-phonic audio production, strong effect of textual content (with reference to the ephemeral nature of life, money, and madness incommunicableness) the record shows, however, some passages in vacuum, starting dall'insipida "Money" (with the famous saxophonist Dick Parry), and then go through the tricks (sometimes pimps) of "Speak to Me" and "On the Run", in any case make the perfect state of anxiety of the protagonist, mixing, including noise solutions and cutting-edge sound, sonic moments of high-spatial, with the coordinates on which rests the pessimistic thinking of a somewhat disoriented Waters, a true ambassador of this inability to communicate the theme of "The Dark Side" is a dramatic split . There are, however, moments of intense lyricism, as evidenced by "Time" is enthralling in its happy fusion of text and music, overflowing with a guitar solo by Gilmour. The first part of the disc is completed with an elegy to the madness, but at the same time, the freedom of man, the slave of a society that tends to overwhelm him: "The Great Gig in the Sky", dominated by the soulful vocals of derivation Clare Torry-gospel, able to blend fiery lyricism and almost cinematic drama. "Us and Them" would evoke "Breathe In the Air", but the melody, though pink-floydiana to 100%, is convincing only if inserted in the context of the album. A speech is a bit 'all' The Dark Side of the Moon ": what makes this work is immortal with his unusual approach to the art-system of the time, photographed here in all its possible directions. For the rock it was a prodigious leap to the next futuristic era to come, but for what concerned the Pink Floyd song-writing have certainly written pages of the highest artistic caliber.
The result is striking, however, before the group will open the doors of global success: The Dark Side Of The Moon remains in the charts for a long time, becoming one of the biggest commercial successes of all time. Both in Europe and in America, legions of new fans gather around the Pink Floyd phenomenon, also leaving a heavy incognita on how to respond to a job so lucky. And 'from this disc on which Waters (author of all texts) becomes more and more degrees of leader training.
For over a year, the four remain inactive in terms of composition, only to find themselves in the studio in '74 with only the certainty of "Shine on You Crazy Diamond", a song rather too long, formed by the contributions of the four musicians and guided by Gilmour's guitar solos.
At first you think to reserve the first side to the suite and the second two songs: "Raving and Drooling" and "You Gotta Be Crazy". The long "gestation" Wish You Were Here Pink Floyd suggests, however, to take a different route, transferring the hard feeling of apathy and mechanical nature that hovered over them: the two tracks are discarded reserved to the second side, replaced with new compositions as the title track (destined to become one of the most popular songs of their production), "Welcome To The Machine" and "Have A Cigar" (Roy Harper with the voice), full of allusions to the machine chopper show business. "Shine On You Crazy Diamond", however, is divided into two parts, which open and close the disc. What emerges is a concept album about the purity and innocence now lost, with not too veiled reference to Syd Barrett, who said he had slipped, one last time, during the recording studios. Musically speaking, the album is a pleasant stylistic evidence, although it has been compared to previous albums, the lack of those innovative ideas that had always characterized the production of the English group.
To review the Pink Floyd in the studio it was not until 1977, when the four decide to collect on a hard material discarded from the previous album. The new work is born so musical and textual adaptation of old discarded pieces like "You Gotta Be Crazy" and "Raving and Drooling", according to a new theme: the reference to the animal world. The two pieces shall become "Dogs" and "Sheep" and together with the new "Pigs (Three Different Ones)" and the short opening and closing parens of "Pigs On The Wing", constitute Animals, an invective against some figures society (with the lyrics of Waters "bad" than ever), orwellianamente replaced by animal species. From the technical point of view, worthy of note is the driving rhythmic construction, with all the instruments in perfect harmony, almost fused together to create a unique sound, without ever resorting to virtuoso ends in themselves.
After the publication diAnimals, Pink Floyd set out on a long and grueling world tour. Waters will be on this occasion that, partly because of unpleasant episodes, which will see the protagonist even disagreements with the public, will begin to develop the idea that the construction will take four of their last masterpiece, The Wall.
The album, inspired by the sort of "wall" of non-communication that had arisen between the complex and the audience (a wall that will grow over time in the head Waters of many bricks until it became an emblem of 'alienation and estrangement from the world around radius) is developed on two discs and covers various topics such as discrimination, education, show business, fascism and Waters's autobiographical implications, increasingly "master father" of the group (born during the recording contrasts with Gilmour and, at the end of the gestation of the album, Wright was removed). Arrangements for the band is again resorted to striking effect, and even orchestral parts, with the help of external Michael Kamen. While boasting some exceptional pieces like "Another Brick in the Wall, Part 2", "Hey You", "Is There Anybody Out There?" And "Comfortably Numb" (with the memorable guitar solo by Gilmour), the disc is essentially a single work: no music is detached from the previous year and all are needed to hold the story that has the rock star Pink (sometimes remembers Barrett, while at other times is the alter ego of the same Waters) the frustrated protagonist. "Another Brick in the Wall, Part 2", in particular, will prove one of the biggest hits of the band heralded the arrival of helicopters, is a song so simple, built on a single agreement, but only enhanced by the latest Gilmour's guitar and a chorus of children, comprising 23 boys of Islington Green School in London, aged between 13 and 15 years. The famous line of the chorus ("we do not need education, we need no thought control") will be used by the protesters blacks on the anniversary of the Soweto uprising bloodily repressed: the racist government of South Africa prohibit the spread of track and will withdraw all copies from stores. Although imbued with a pessimistic and gloomy view of life, it ends the disc with the "collapse" of the wall and the message of hope "Outside the Wall".
The album will be rewarded by the success of sales (for a work of resounding double distance) and will lend itself to a difficult as magnificent live performance: the shows are very few but memorable, with the wall built gradually on stage, huge inflatables and engaging proiezioni.Da The Wall will stretch even the eponymous film, directed by Alan Parker and Bob Geldof in Pink starring role.
The complex comes from experience but rather tried: the disagreements between the two souls of the group (Waters, Gilmour) are hardly curable, and Wright, as mentioned, is removed.
The four, however, decide to return to the studio to record an album that, in intent, will collect the discarded material from previous work.
The war over the Falkland Islands-Malvinas, however, triggers a spark in the mind of Waters, who decides to compose new material with a common denominator in the failure to realize the dream of post-war peace.
The album comes out, The Final Cut, is basically just a creature of the Waters, with the other members relegated to the role of musicians (and often not even that). Of all the Pink Floyd album is less engaging, but the beauty of some songs (all of "The Gunners Dream" and "The Post-War Dream") remains unassailable.
Unfortunately, the disc turns out to be prophetic very early, forming the final act of Waters as a member of the band.
The desire to dissolve the bass player of Pink Floyd lead to a long legal dispute with trains to use a brand now synonymous with best-selling book, which will see Gilmour and Mason win.
The guitarist, with the help of acclaimed musicians and the modest support of a Mason least unwilling, to publish in 1987 A Momentary Lapse Of Reason, while in 1994, with the return to full-fledged Mason and Wright in the role of composers and performers, released The Division Bell.
The discs, full of innovative ideas far, followed by their testimonies live Delicate Sound Of Thunder (1988) and Pulse (1995), if only we deliver the musicians spotlessly clean and always ready to thrill the audience with concerts by the mammoth stage sets (remember the famous episode in Venice) and remarkable performances of the glorious repertoire.
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